創9.1-29 [上帝与挪亚立约 vv. 1-17; 挪亚和他的儿子们 vv. 18-29]

  1 וַיְבָ֣רֶךְ אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֶת־נֹ֖חַ וְאֶת־בָּנָ֑יו וַיֹּ֧אמֶר לָהֶ֛ם פְּר֥וּ וּרְב֖וּ וּמִלְא֥וּ אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
1 上帝赐福给挪亚和他的儿子，对他们说：“你们要生养众多，遍满这地。 
1  And God blessed Noah and his sons and said to them, "Be 
fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth.

  2 וּמוֹרַאֲכֶ֤ם וְחִתְּכֶם֙ יִֽהְיֶ֔ה עַ֚ל כָּל־חַיַּ֣ת הָאָ֔רֶץ וְעַ֖ל כָּל־ע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם בְּכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁ֙ר תִּרְמֹ֧שׂ הָֽאֲדָמָ֛ה וּֽבְכָל־דְּגֵ֥י הַיָּ֖ם בְּיֶדְכֶ֥ם נִתָּֽנוּ׃
2 地上一切的走兽、天空一切的飞鸟、所有爬行在土地上的和海里一切的鱼都必怕你们，畏惧你们，它们都要交在你们手里。 
2  "The fear of you and the terror of you will be on every beast of the earth and on every bird of the sky; with everything that creeps on the ground, and all the fish of the sea, into your hand they are given.
 A1「怕，畏惧」（terrify）。原文作「恐懼害怕」（fear and dread）。原文文法是從現時開始，獸類會懼怕人類。

A2 「交付你們的手」。「手」代表權力，意指人類有權柄管理獸類。

  3 כָּל־רֶ֙מֶשׂ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הוּא־חַ֔י לָכֶ֥ם יִהְיֶ֖ה לְאָכְלָ֑ה כְּיֶ֣רֶק עֵ֔שֶׂב נָתַ֥תִּי לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־כֹּֽל׃
3  "Every moving thing that is alive shall be food for you; I give all to you, as I gave the green plant.
3 凡活的动物都可作你们的食物。这一切我都赐给你们，如同绿色的菜蔬一样。
B1 Humans are now given permissions to be carnivorous. But animal's blood remains sacred and is not to be consumed.  

C1 Three new realities mark the post-Flood world: 1) Meat may be eaten along with plants; 2) blood is not to be eaten with meat; and 3) the taking of a person's life is now punishable by death. 

  4 אַךְ־בָּשָׂ֕ר בְּנַפְשׁ֥וֹ דָמ֖וֹ לֹ֥א תֹאכֵֽלוּ׃
4  "Only you shall not eat flesh with its life, that is, its blood.
4 只是带着生命的肉，就是带着血的，你们不可吃。
A1 「带着生命的肉，就是带着血的」。原文作「帶着它的生命，它的血」（with its life, its blood）。「血」是同位名詞（apposition），用作解釋「生命」。既然血等於生命，帶血的肉就不可吃。

因為洪水的毀滅，人可能以為生命沒有價值，但神不允許人殺害生命，甚至吃食任何帶着鮮血的東西，這是生命的神聖（sanctity）的提醒。

D1 「带着生命的肉，就是带着血的」God forbids his people to eat blood as a way of recognizing that life belongs to him (Lev. 17.10-14). This remains a regulation through the OT and into the NT (Acts 15.20).

  5 וְאַ֙ךְ אֶת־דִּמְכֶ֤ם לְנַפְשֹֽׁתֵיכֶם֙ אֶדְרֹ֔שׁ מִיַּ֥ד כָּל־חַיָּ֖ה אֶדְרְשֶׁ֑נּוּ וּמִיַּ֣ד הָֽאָדָ֗ם מִיַּד֙ אִ֣ישׁ אָחִ֔יו אֶדְרֹ֖שׁ אֶת־נֶ֥פֶשׁ הָֽאָדָֽם׃
5  "Surely I will require your lifeblood; from every beast I will require it. And from every man, from every man's brother I will require the life of man.
5 流你们血、害你们命的，我必向他追讨；我要向一切走兽追讨，向人和向人的弟兄追讨人命
A1 「追讨」。希伯來文動詞 דָּרָשׁ (darash) 是「要求、尋求、追討」（to require, to seek, to ask for, to exact）之意。本處解作神因着生命被取去而施行刑罸。

A2 「弟兄」。本處指神定規要以血還血，因為人流的血是親屬（兄弟）的血。文意反映了挪亞（Noah）的情況（洪水後的每一個人都是挪亞延伸的家族 (extended family)），也支持了全人類皆兄弟的觀念。根據創世記，全人類都是挪亞的後裔。

  6 שֹׁפֵךְ֙ דַּ֣ם הָֽאָדָ֔ם בָּֽאָדָ֖ם דָּמ֣וֹ יִשָּׁפֵ֑ךְ כִּ֚י בְּצֶ֣לֶם אֱלֹהִ֔ים עָשָׂ֖ה אֶת־הָאָדָֽם׃
6  "Whoever sheds man's blood, By man his blood shall be shed, For in the image of God He made man.
6 凡流人血的，他的血也必被人所流，因为上帝造人，是照自己的形像造的。
C1 Image of God is still in man; sin did not destroy it. God values humans more highly than animal life because only humankind possesses God's image. 

  7 וְאַתֶּ֖ם פְּר֣וּ וּרְב֑וּ שִׁרְצ֥וּ בָאָ֖רֶץ וּרְבוּ־בָֽהּ׃ ס
7  "As for you, be fruitful and multiply; Populate the earth abundantly and multiply in it."
7 你们要生养众多，在地上繁衍昌盛。”
A1 「你們」。顯出強列的對比,以流人血的警告為背景，神現在吩咐人製造生命，用的是1:26吩咐亞當的字眼。

  8 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־נֹ֔חַ וְאֶל־בָּנָ֥יו אִתּ֖וֹ לֵאמֹֽר׃
8  Then God spoke to Noah and to his sons with him, saying,
8 上帝对挪亚和同他一起的儿子说：

  9 וַאֲנִ֕י הִנְנִ֥י מֵקִ֛ים אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֖י אִתְּכֶ֑ם וְאֶֽת־זַרְעֲכֶ֖ם אַֽחֲרֵיכֶֽם׃
9  "Now behold, I Myself do establish My covenant with you, and with your descendants after you;
9 “看哪，我要与你们和你们后裔立我的约， 

  10 וְאֵ֙ת כָּל־נֶ֤פֶשׁ הַֽחַיָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתְּכֶ֔ם בָּע֧וֹף בַּבְּהֵמָ֛ה וּֽבְכָל־חַיַּ֥ת הָאָ֖רֶץ אִתְּכֶ֑ם מִכֹּל֙ יֹצְאֵ֣י הַתֵּבָ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל חַיַּ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ׃
10  and with every living creature that is with you, the birds, the cattle, and every beast of the earth with you; of all that comes out of the ark, even every beast of the earth.
10 包括和你们一起所有的生物，就是飞鸟、牲畜、地上一切的走兽，凡从方舟里出来地上一切的生物。

  11 וַהֲקִמֹתִ֤י אֶת־בְּרִיתִי֙ אִתְּכֶ֔ם וְלֹֽא־יִכָּרֵ֧ת כָּל־בָּשָׂ֛ר ע֖וֹד מִמֵּ֣י הַמַּבּ֑וּל וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה ע֛וֹד מַבּ֖וּל לְשַׁחֵ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ׃
11  "I establish My covenant with you; and all flesh shall never again be cut off by the water of the flood, neither shall there again be a flood to destroy the earth."
11 我与你们立我的约：凡有血肉的，不再被洪水灭绝，也不再有洪水毁坏这地了。”

  12 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֗ים זֹ֤את אֽוֹת־הַבְּרִית֙ אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֣י נֹתֵ֗ן בֵּינִי֙ וּבֵ֣ינֵיכֶ֔ם וּבֵ֛ין כָּל־נֶ֥פֶשׁ חַיָּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתְּכֶ֑ם לְדֹרֹ֖ת עוֹלָֽם׃
12  God said, "This is the sign of the covenant which I am making between Me and you and every living creature that is with you, for all successive generations;
12 上帝说：“这是我与你们，以及和你们一起的一切生物所立之约的记号，直到万代：
B1 Different covenants have appropriate signs or symbols linked to them. Circumcision - Covenant with Abraham (Gen. 17); Sabbath - With Israel at Mount Sinai (Ex. 31.12-17). 

  13 אֶת־קַשְׁתִּ֕י נָתַ֖תִּי בֶּֽעָנָ֑ן וְהָֽיְתָה֙ לְא֣וֹת בְּרִ֔ית בֵּינִ֖י וּבֵ֥ין הָאָֽרֶץ׃
13  I set My bow in the cloud, and it shall be for a sign of a covenant between Me and the earth.
13 我把彩虹放在云中，这就是我与地立约的记号了。
 A1「虹」（rainbow）。希伯來文 קֶשֶׁת (qeshet) 一般指戰士的弓（warrior's bow）。有的將本處解釋為神在洪水後把弓掛起，表示與人和平相處；但這說法頗有疑問。參C. Westermann, Genesis, 1:473；及G. J. Wenham, Genesis (WBC), 1:196。

  14 וְהָיָ֕ה בְּעַֽנְנִ֥י עָנָ֖ן עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְנִרְאֲתָ֥ה הַקֶּ֖שֶׁת בֶּעָנָֽן׃
14  "It shall come about, when I bring a cloud over the earth, that the bow will be seen in the cloud,
14 我使云遮地的时候，会有彩虹出现在云中， 

  15 וְזָכַרְתִּ֣י אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֗י אֲשֶׁ֤ר בֵּינִי֙ וּבֵ֣ינֵיכֶ֔ם וּבֵ֛ין כָּל־נֶ֥פֶשׁ חַיָּ֖ה בְּכָל־בָּשָׂ֑ר וְלֹֽא־יִֽהְיֶ֙ה ע֤וֹד הַמַּ֙יִם֙ לְמַבּ֔וּל לְשַׁחֵ֖ת כָּל־בָּשָֽׂר׃
15  and I will remember My covenant, which is between Me and you and every living creature of all flesh; and never again shall the water become a flood to destroy all flesh.
15 我就记念我与你们，以及各样有血肉的生物所立的约：不再有洪水泛滥去毁灭一切有血肉的了。

  16 וְהָיְתָ֥ה הַקֶּ֖שֶׁת בֶּֽעָנָ֑ן וּרְאִיתִ֗יהָ לִזְכֹּר֙ בְּרִ֣ית עוֹלָ֔ם בֵּ֣ין אֱלֹהִ֔ים וּבֵין֙ כָּל־נֶ֣פֶשׁ חַיָּ֔ה בְּכָל־בָּשָׂ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
16  "When the bow is in the cloud, then I will look upon it, to remember the everlasting covenant between God and every living creature of all flesh that is on the earth."
16 彩虹出现在云中，我看见了，就要记念上帝与地上一切有血肉的生物所立的永约。”

  17 וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶל־נֹ֑חַ זֹ֤את אֽוֹת־הַבְּרִית֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֲקִמֹ֔תִי בֵּינִ֕י וּבֵ֥ין כָּל־בָּשָׂ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ פ
17  And God said to Noah, "This is the sign of the covenant which I have established between Me and all flesh that is on the earth."
 17 上帝对挪亚说：“这就是我与地上一切有血肉的立约的记号。”
Charts: Noah rainbow X2

  18 וַיִּֽהְי֣וּ בְנֵי־נֹ֗חַ הַיֹּֽצְאִים֙ מִן־הַתֵּבָ֔ה שֵׁ֖ם וְחָ֣ם וָיָ֑פֶת וְחָ֕ם ה֖וּא אֲבִ֥י כְנָֽעַן׃
18  Now the sons of Noah who came out of the ark were Shem and Ham and Japheth; and Ham was the father of Canaan.
18  挪亚的儿子，从方舟出来的，有闪、含和雅弗。含是迦南的父亲。

  19 שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה אֵ֖לֶּה בְּנֵי־נֹ֑חַ וּמֵאֵ֖לֶּה נָֽפְצָ֥ה כָל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
19  These three were the sons of Noah, and from these the whole earth was populated.
19 这是挪亚的三个儿子，他们的后裔散布全地。
 A1「散布」（populated）。原文作「分散」（scattered）。希伯來文動詞 פָּצָה (patsah) 「分散」成為第11章人類散佈的鑰字。[see chart: Noah 3 sons]

  20 וַיָּ֥חֶל נֹ֖חַ אִ֣ישׁ הָֽאֲדָמָ֑ה וַיִּטַּ֖ע כָּֽרֶם׃
20  Then Noah began farming and planted a vineyard.
20 挪亚是农夫，是他开始栽葡萄园的。

  21 וַיֵּ֥שְׁתְּ מִן־הַיַּ֖יִן וַיִּשְׁכָּ֑ר וַיִּתְגַּ֖ל בְּת֥וֹךְ אָהֳלֹֽה׃
21  He drank of the wine and became drunk, and uncovered himself inside his tent.
21 他喝了一些酒就醉了，在他的帐棚里赤着身子。 
 A1「赤着身子」。原文 גָּלָה (galah) 解作「自露己體」。挪亞酒後體熱，在帳棚內脫光了衣服。

  22 וַיַּ֗רְא חָ֚ם אֲבִ֣י כְנַ֔עַן אֵ֖ת עֶרְוַ֣ת אָבִ֑יו וַיַּגֵּ֥ד לִשְׁנֵֽי־אֶחָ֖יו בַּחֽוּץ׃
22  Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father, and told his two brothers outside.
22 迦南的父亲含看见他父亲赤身，就到外面告诉他的两个兄弟。
 A1「迦南的父親含」。文中再次提到迦南（Canaan）和含（Ham）的關係（參第18節）。創世記第10章將述出迦南就是居住在應許之地（the promised land）的迦南人（Canaanitis）的先祖。

A2 「看見他父親赤身」. 本段的重點是含不尊重父親，不但沒有為父親蓋衣，反而去告訴兩個兄弟。挪亞其後對含的後裔宣言，就是與含同樣在道德上放肆的，要受咒詛。利未記第18章描述了迦南人（Canaanities）的種種惡行（第24-28節）。「看見......赤身」如此嚴重是現代人難以明瞭的，因為裸露是今日社會常見的。古代社會，尤其是族長時代，見到別人赤身是嚴重的過犯（參希羅多德 (Herodotus) 著作Histories 1.8-13，當時一位將領見到主帥夫人的赤身，二人中一人要被處死）。況且，含不是小孩子闖進父親的帳棚，當時他已經超過一百歲。

  23 וַיִּקַּח֩ שֵׁ֙ם וָיֶ֜פֶת אֶת־הַשִּׂמְלָ֗ה וַיָּשִׂ֙ימוּ֙ עַל־שְׁכֶ֣ם שְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיֵּֽלְכוּ֙ אֲחֹ֣רַנִּ֔ית וַיְכַסּ֕וּ אֵ֖ת עֶרְוַ֣ת אֲבִיהֶ֑ם וּפְנֵיהֶם֙ אֲחֹ֣רַנִּ֔ית וְעֶרְוַ֥ת אֲבִיהֶ֖ם לֹ֥א רָאֽוּ׃
23  But Shem and Japheth took a garment and laid it upon both their shoulders and walked backward and covered the nakedness of their father; and their faces were turned away, so that they did not see their father's nakedness.
23 于是闪和雅弗拿了外衣搭在二人肩上，倒退着进去，遮盖父亲的赤身；他们背着脸，看不见父亲的赤身。
 A1「外衣」（garment）。原文「衣服」有定冠詞（definite article），可作「那件衣服」，亦可作「挪亞的衣服」（Noah's garment）。

B1 Twice mentioned about Sham and Japheth's actions of walking backward to approach Noah, an effort to avoid see the naked body. 

  24 וַיִּ֥יקֶץ נֹ֖חַ מִיֵּינ֑וֹ וַיֵּ֕דַע אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־עָ֥שָׂה־ל֖וֹ בְּנ֥וֹ הַקָּטָֽן׃
24  When Noah awoke from his wine, he knew what his youngest son had done to him.
24 挪亚酒醒以后，知道小儿子向他所做的事，
B1 The designation of Ham as the youngest son is peculiar, given that he is always listed after Shem and before Japheth. Possibly, for some unexplained reason, the traditional order of names does not reflect the birth sequence of the boys. 

  25 וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אָר֣וּר כְּנָ֑עַן עֶ֥בֶד עֲבָדִ֖ים יִֽהְיֶ֥ה לְאֶחָֽיו׃
25  So he said, "Cursed be Canaan; A servant of servants He shall be to his brothers."
25 就说： “迦南当受诅咒， 必给他弟兄作奴仆的奴仆。”
B1 Noah's curse of Canaan, which focuses on his being a servant, anticipates the judgment that will later befall the Canaanites (cf. Deut. 7.1-3 with Gen. 10.15-19). This coupled with the fact that the curse falls on Canaan alone and not on Ham's other children (who settled in northen Africa), shows how illegimate it was to use this text to justify enslaving African people. (For more on the overall biblical position on slavery, see 1 Cor 7.21; Eph. 6.5; Col. 3.22-25; 1 Tim 1.10).

  26 וַיֹּ֕אמֶר בָּר֥וּךְ יְהֹוָ֖ה אֱלֹ֣הֵי שֵׁ֑ם וִיהִ֥י כְנַ֖עַן עֶ֥בֶד לָֽמוֹ׃
26  He also said, "Blessed be the LORD, The God of Shem; And let Canaan be his servant.
26 又说： “耶和华—闪的上帝是应当称颂的！ 愿迦南作闪的奴仆。
C1 Shem is given precedence over his brothers. Eber and Abraham were descended from Shem (11.10-30). So Shem's blessing is ultimately a blessing on Israel. (see also v. 27)

  27 יַ֤פְתְּ אֱלֹהִים֙ לְיֶ֔פֶת וְיִשְׁכֹּ֖ן בְּאָֽהֳלֵי־שֵׁ֑ם וִיהִ֥י כְנַ֖עַן עֶ֥בֶד לָֽמוֹ׃
27  "May God enlarge Japheth, And let him dwell in the tents of Shem; And let Canaan be his servant."
27 愿上帝使雅弗扩张， 愿他住在闪的帐棚里； 愿迦南作他的奴仆。” 

  28 וַֽיְחִי־נֹ֖חַ אַחַ֣ר הַמַּבּ֑וּל שְׁלֹ֤שׁ מֵאוֹת֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וַֽחֲמִשִּׁ֖ים שָׁנָֽה׃
28  Noah lived three hundred and fifty years after the flood.
28 洪水以后，挪亚又活了三百五十年。

  29 וַיִּֽהְיוּ֙ כָּל־יְמֵי־נֹ֔חַ תְּשַׁ֤ע מֵאוֹת֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וַחֲמִשִּׁ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיָּמֹֽת׃ פ
29  So all the days of Noah were nine hundred and fifty years, and he died.
29 挪亚共活了九百五十年，就死了。
思想課題：
1）在你現時的生命，哪一方面你需要神給你一個彩虹的應許？
2）隨意抗拒、反抗和不孝順父母會帶來什麼後果？(弗6.1-3）