創8:1-22 洪水消退    [Chart: Noah Ark and Flood]

   וַיִּזְכֹּ֤ר אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־נֹ֔חַ וְאֵ֤ת כָּל־הַֽחַיָּה֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־הַבְּהֵמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּ֖וֹ בַּתֵּבָ֑ה וַיַּעֲבֵ֙ר אֱלֹהִ֥ים ר֙וּחַ֙ עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וַיָּשֹׁ֖כּוּ הַמָּֽיִם׃ 
1   But God remembered Noah and all the beasts and all the cattle that were with him in the ark; and God caused a wind to pass over the earth, and the water subsided.
1 上帝记念挪亚和挪亚方舟里的一切走兽牲畜。上帝使风吹地，水势渐落。
 A1「記念」  זָכַר （remember）。原文此字有因思想而引致行動之意，如立約應許的應驗（fulfilling covenant promises）。

B1 "Remembers" indicates God is about to take action for that person's welfare (cf. 9.15; 19.29; 30.22; Ex. 2.24; 32.13; Ps. 25.6-7; 74.2)

 A2「吹」  עֵ֫בֶר （blow over）。原文作「經過」（to pass over）。

 2  וַיִּסָּֽכְרוּ֙ מַעְיְנֹ֣ת תְּה֔וֹם וַֽאֲרֻבֹּ֖ת הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וַיִּכָּלֵ֥א  
2   Also the fountains of the deep and the floodgates of the sky were closed, and the rain from the sky was restrained;
2 深渊的泉源和天上的窗户都关闭了，雨不再从天降下。
B1 关闭God puts into reverse the process started in 7.11. 

 3  וַיָּשֻׁ֧בוּ הַמַּ֛יִם מֵעַ֥ל הָאָ֖רֶץ הָל֣וֹךְ וָשׁ֑וֹב וַיַּחְסְר֣וּ הַמַּ֔יִם מִקְצֵ֕ה חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים וּמְאַ֖ת יֽוֹם׃
3   and the water receded steadily from the earth, and at the end of one hundred and fifty days the water decreased.
3 水从地上逐渐消退。过了一百五十天，水就退了

 4  וַתָּ֤נַח הַתֵּבָה֙ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י בְּשִׁבְעָה־עָשָׂ֥ר י֖וֹם לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ עַ֖ל הָרֵ֥י אֲרָרָֽט
 4   In the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month, the ark rested upon the mountains of Ararat.
4 七月十七日，方舟停在亚拉腊山上。
A1 「亞拉臘山」（the mountains of Ararat）。原文的「山」作眾數（眾山）。但即使船隻大如方舟，也不可能橫擱於眾山之上。可能 (1) 停在眾山之間；(2) 「眾山」解作「山脈」（參E.A. Speiser, Genesis [AB], 53）；更可能的是 (3) 眾數指不明確的單數，譯作「眾山之一」。「亞拉臘」（Ararat），是烏拉圖（Urartu）的希伯來名稱，烏拉圖是美索不達米亞（Mesopotamia）北部的山區，今土耳其東部地方。

 5  וְהַמַּ֗יִם הָיוּ֙ הָל֣וֹךְ וְחָס֔וֹר עַ֖ד הַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָֽעֲשִׂירִ֑י בָּֽעֲשִׂירִי֙ בְּאֶחָ֣ד לַחֹ֔דֶשׁ נִרְא֖וּ רָאשֵׁ֥י הֶֽהָרִֽים׃
 5   The water decreased steadily until the tenth month; in the tenth month, on the first day of the month, the tops of the mountains became visible.
5 水继续退去，直到十月；十月初一，山顶都露出来了。

  וַֽיְהִ֕י מִקֵּ֖ץ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים י֑וֹם וַיִּפְתַּ֣ח נֹ֔חַ אֶת־חַלּ֥וֹן הַתֵּבָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָֽׂה׃
 6   Then it came about at the end of forty days, that Noah opened the window of the ark which he had made;
6 过了四十天，挪亚打开他所造的方舟的窗户， 

 7  וַיְשַׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־הָֽעֹרֵ֑ב וַיֵּצֵ֤א יָצוֹא֙ וָשׁ֔וֹב עַד־יְבֹ֥שֶׁת הַמַּ֖יִם מֵעַ֥ל הָאָֽרֶץ׃
 7   and he sent out a raven, and it flew here and there until the water was dried up from the earth.
7 放出一只乌鸦。那乌鸦飞来飞去，直到地上的水都干了。 

 8  וַיְשַׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־הַיּוֹנָ֖ה מֵאִתּ֑וֹ לִרְאוֹת֙ הֲקַ֣לּוּ הַמַּ֔יִם מֵעַ֖ל פְּנֵ֥י הָֽאֲדָמָֽה׃
 8   Then he sent out a dove from him, to see if the water was abated from the face of the land;
8 他又从他那里放出一只鸽子，要看水从地面上退了没有。

 9  וְלֹֽא־מָצְאָה֩ הַיּוֹנָ֙ה מָנ֜וֹחַ לְכַף־רַגְלָ֗הּ וַתָּ֤שָׁב אֵלָיו֙ אֶל־הַתֵּבָ֔ה כִּי־מַ֖יִם עַל־פְּנֵ֣י כָל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח יָדוֹ֙ וַיִּקָּחֶ֔הָ וַיָּבֵ֥א אֹתָ֛הּ אֵלָ֖יו אֶל־הַתֵּבָֽה׃
 9   but the dove found no resting place for the sole of her foot, so she returned to him into the ark, for the water was on the surface of all the earth. Then he put out his hand and took her, and brought her into the ark to himself.
9 但全地面都是水，鸽子找不到落脚之地，就回到方舟挪亚那里。挪亚伸手接了鸽子，把它带进方舟。

 10  וַיָּ֣חֶל ע֔וֹד שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים וַיֹּ֛סֶף שַׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־הַיּוֹנָ֖ה מִן־הַתֵּבָֽה׃
 10   So he waited yet another seven days; and again he sent out the dove from the ark.
10 挪亚又另外等了七天，再把鸽子从方舟放出去。

 11  וַתָּבֹ֙א אֵלָ֤יו הַיּוֹנָה֙ לְעֵ֣ת עֶ֔רֶב וְהִנֵּ֥ה עֲלֵה־זַ֖יִת טָרָ֣ף בְּפִ֑יהָ וַיֵּ֣דַע נֹ֔חַ כִּי־קַ֥לּוּ הַמַּ֖יִם מֵעַ֥ל הָאָֽרֶץ׃
 11   The dove came to him toward evening, and behold, in her beak was a freshly picked olive leaf. So Noah knew that the water was abated from the earth.
11 到了晚上，鸽子回到他那里，看哪，嘴里有一片刚啄下来的橄榄叶，挪亚就知道水已经从地上退了。
C1 "橄榄叶" A symbol of peace and restoration. 

 12  וַיִּיָּ֣חֶל ע֔וֹד שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים וַיְשַׁלַּח֙ אֶת־הַיּוֹנָ֔ה וְלֹֽא־יָסְפָ֥ה שׁוּב־אֵלָ֖יו עֽוֹד׃
 12   Then he waited yet another seven days, and sent out the dove; but she did not return to him again.
12 他又另外等了七天，再放出鸽子，这次鸽子不再回到他那里了。
 13  וַֽ֠יְהִי בְּאַחַ֙ת וְשֵׁשׁ־מֵא֜וֹת שָׁנָ֗ה בָּֽרִאשׁוֹן֙ בְּאֶחָ֣ד לַחֹ֔דֶשׁ חָֽרְב֥וּ הַמַּ֖יִם מֵעַ֣ל הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיָּ֤סַר נֹ֙חַ֙ אֶת־מִכְסֵ֣ה הַתֵּבָ֔ה וַיַּ֕רְא וְהִנֵּ֥ה חָֽרְב֖וּ פְּנֵ֥י הָֽאֲדָמָֽה׃
 13   Now it came about in the six hundred and first year, in the first month, on the first of the month, the water was dried up from the earth. Then Noah removed the covering of the ark, and looked, and behold, the surface of the ground was dried up.
13 当挪亚六百零一岁，正月初一的时候，地上的水都干了。挪亚打开方舟的盖观看，看哪，地面干了。

 14  וּבַחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י בְּשִׁבְעָ֧ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֛ים י֖וֹם לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ יָבְשָׁ֖ה הָאָֽרֶץ׃ ס
 14   In the second month, on the twenty-seventh day of the month, the earth was dry.
14 到了二月二十七日，地就都干了。 

 15  וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶל־נֹ֥חַ לֵאמֹֽר׃
 15   Then God spoke to Noah, saying,
15 上帝对挪亚说：
B1 "说"God's instructions to Noah are reminiscent of 1.28.
 
C1 The fact that God spoke to Noah is another mark of God's great grace to Noah and of how much he valued him (7.1; 12.1). 

 16  צֵ֖א מִן־הַתֵּבָ֑ה אַתָּ֕ה וְאִשְׁתְּךָ֛ וּבָנֶ֥יךָ וּנְשֵֽׁי־בָנֶ֖יךָ אִתָּֽךְ׃
 16   "Go out of the ark, you and your wife and your sons and your sons' wives with you.
16 “你同你的妻子、儿子、媳妇都要出方舟。
E1 出方舟 Since the flood is a type of Christian baptism (1 Pet. 3.20-21), the coming of Noah and his family out of the ark may be thought as their emerging out of the waters of death into a new life (cf. Jn. 5.28-29; 11.43; Rom. 6.3-6).

 17  כָּל־הַחַיָּ֙ה אֲשֶֽׁר־אִתְּךָ֜ מִכָּל־בָּשָׂ֗ר בָּע֧וֹף וּבַבְּהֵמָ֛ה וּבְכָל־הָרֶ֛מֶשׂ הָרֹמֵ֥שׂ עַל־הָאָ֖רֶץ (הוֹצֵא) [הַיְצֵ֣א] אִתָּ֑ךְ וְשָֽׁרְצ֣וּ בָאָ֔רֶץ וּפָר֥וּ וְרָב֖וּ עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
 17   "Bring out with you every living thing of all flesh that is with you, birds and animals and every creeping thing that creeps on the earth, that they may breed abundantly on the earth, and be fruitful and multiply on the earth."
17 凡与你一起有血肉的生物，就是飞鸟、牲畜和地上爬的一切爬行动物，都要带出来。 它们要在地上滋生，繁殖增多。”
 A1「繁殖增多」。רָבָה 原文作「多產和倍增」（be fruitful and multiply）。

 18  וַיֵּ֖צֵא־נֹ֑חַ וּבָנָ֛יו וְאִשְׁתּ֥וֹ וּנְשֵֽׁי־בָנָ֖יו אִתּֽוֹ׃
 18   So Noah went out, and his sons and his wife and his sons' wives with him.
18 于是挪亚同他的儿子、妻子、媳妇都出来了。

 19  כָּל־הַֽחַיָּ֗ה כָּל־הָרֶ֙מֶשׂ֙ וְכָל־הָע֔וֹף כֹּ֖ל רוֹמֵ֣שׂ עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם יָצְא֖וּ מִן־הַתֵּבָֽה׃
 19   Every beast, every creeping thing, and every bird, everything that moves on the earth, went out by their families from the ark.
19 一切走兽、爬行动物和飞鸟，地上所有的动物，各从其类，也都出了方舟。
 20  וַיִּ֥בֶן נֹ֛חַ מִזְבֵּ֖חַ לַֽיהוָ֑ה וַיִּקַּ֞ח מִכֹּ֣ל׀ הַבְּהֵמָ֣ה הַטְּהוֹרָ֗ה וּמִכֹּל֙ הָע֣וֹף הַטָּהֹ֔ר וַיַּ֥עַל עֹלֹ֖ת בַּמִּזְבֵּֽ
 20   Then Noah built an altar to the LORD, and took of every clean animal and of every clean bird and offered burnt offerings on the altar.
20  挪亚为耶和华筑了一座坛，拿各种洁净的牲畜和各种洁净的飞鸟，献在坛上为燔祭。
A1 「燔祭」（burnt offerings）。依照利未記第1章，「燔祭」代表敬拜者對耶和華（the Lord）的完全降服和效忠（complete surrender and dedication）。洪水之後，挪亞（Noah）看到神不僅是發烈怒的神（God of wrath），也是救贖和復興的神（God of redemption and restoration），一個脫離大難的人最好以獻祭表達感激和順從，承認神是宇宙的主宰（the sovereign of the universe）。[chart: offering in OT]

 21  וַיָּ֣רַח יְהוָה֮ אֶת־רֵ֣יחַ הַנִּיחֹחַ֒ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־לִבּ֗וֹ לֹֽא־אֹ֠סִף לְקַלֵּ֙ל ע֤וֹד אֶת־הָֽאֲדָמָה֙ בַּעֲב֣וּר הָֽאָדָ֔ם כִּ֠י יֵ֣צֶר לֵ֧ב הָאָדָ֛ם רַ֖ע מִנְּעֻרָ֑יו וְלֹֽא־אֹסִ֥ף ע֛וֹד לְהַכּ֥וֹת אֶת־כָּל־חַ֖י כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִֽׂיתִי׃
 
21   The LORD smelled the soothing aroma; and the LORD said to Himself, "I will never again curse the ground on account of man, for the intent of man's heart is evil from his youth; and I will never again destroy every living thing, as I have done.
21 耶和华闻了那馨香之气，耶和华心里说：“我不再因人的缘故诅咒土地，因为人从幼年就心里怀着恶念；我也不再照我曾做的毁灭一切生物了。
 A1「聞到那馨香之氣」（smelled a soothing aroma）。原文作「聞到一陣馨香的氣味」（smelled a soothing smell），受詞「氣味」（רֵיחַ הַנִּיהֹחַ (reakh hannihoakh)）出自動詞「聞到」（וַיָּרַח (vayyarakh），是擬人化（anthropomorphic）的描述。所獻的祭帶有「馨香」的氣味令神喜悅或得安慰。利未記第1章表示神悅納祭物之時，也悅納了敬拜者。

D1 God will not again destroy life on earth byu a flood, but he will continue to judge people (Mt. 24.37-39; Lk. 17.27-29), and he will move forward his plan of redemption for all (Gen. 12.1-3).
 22  עֹ֖ד כָּל־יְמֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ זֶ֡רַע וְ֠קָצִיר וְקֹ֙ר וָחֹ֜ם וְקַ֧יִץ וָחֹ֛רֶף וְי֥וֹם וָלַ֖יְלָה לֹ֥א יִשְׁבֹּֽתוּ׃
 22   "While the earth remains, Seedtime and harvest, And cold and heat, And summer and winter, And day and night Shall not cease."
22 地还存在的时候，撒种、收割、寒暑、冬夏、昼夜都永不止息。”
C1 Later in Israel's history, the prophets recalled God's great promise to Noah (Is. 54.9-10).

[Chart: Adam - Noah Comparison]

反思：
挪亞獻祭對我們來說有什麼意義？